Electric-circuit fabricating system and method, and electric-circuit fabricating program

ABSTRACT

An electric-circuit fabricating system for fabricating an electric circuit, by performing a working operation on a circuit substrate, including a substrate holding device to hold the substrate, an imaging device to image a surface of the substrate on which the working operation is to be performed, an imaging control device to control the imaging device to take an image of a substrate-position fiducial mark provided on the substrate, and obtaining substrate-position information on the basis of the image, and a working device to perform the working operation on the substrate, on the basis of the substrate-position information, and wherein the imaging control device is operable to control the imaging device to take an image of a substrate ID mark provided on the substrate as held by the substrate holding device, for obtaining substrate identifying information identifying the substrate, on the basis of the image of the substrate ID mark. Also disclosed are a method and a control program for fabricating an electric circuit by performing the working operation on the substrate.

The present application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-288616 filed Sep. 21, 2001, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a system operable to fabricate an electric circuit by performing predetermined working operations on a circuit substrate, such as an operation to mount electric components (including electronic components) on the circuit substrate, a method of performing such working operations to fabricate the electric circuit, and a control program executed by a computer to perform the working operations for fabricating the circuit substrate.

2. Discussion of Related Art

In some working devices arranged to perform working operations on circuit substrates, such as an electric-component mounting device, a solder-paste applying device, and an adhesive applying device, the circuit substrates are identified when the working operations are performed on the circuit substrates. In an electric-circuit fabricating or manufacturing system including such working devices arranged in a line, for example, the recognition or identification of the circuit substrates is particularly important, in view of different kinds or configurations of the circuit substrates to be handled.

Conventionally, the circuit substrates are identified by recognizing substrate identifiers in the form of substrate-identification marks such as bar codes. For instance, this identification is effected on the working device disposed upstream of the working device in question on which a working operation is performed on the circuit substrate, or on a substrate loading device provided to load the circuit substrate onto the working device in question. In other words, the identification of the circuit substrate on which the working operation is performed is effected at a position or location which is distant from or outside the working device which performs the working operation on the circuit substrate.

Where the identification of the circuit substrates by recognizing the substrate identifiers is effected at a location outside the working device on which the working operation is performed on the circuit substrate, as described above, the location of identification is distant from the location of the working operation to be performed, so that there may arise a failure of the circuit substrate to reach the working device in question, or a change in the order of arrangement of the two or more substrates existing between the location of identification and the location of the working operation. In this respect, the conventional manner of effecting the identification of the circuit substrates does not assure a high degree of stability in the consistency between the kind of the circuit substrate and the contents of the working operation to be performed on that circuit substrate. Further, the substrate identifiers are recognized by an exclusive identifier-recognition device disposed at the location of identification of the circuit substrates. In this respect, it is noted that the substrate identifiers are not located at the same positions on all of the circuit substrates to be handled, so that a change in the kind of the circuit substrate on which the working operation is performed may require a change in the location of the identifier-recognition device, which results in an increase in the required time for a setup changeover of the electric-circuit fabricating system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the present invention to facilitate the fabrication of an electric circuit with a desired quality. This object may be achieved according to any one of the following modes of the present invention in the form of an electric-circuit fabricating system, an electric-circuit fabricating method and an electric-circuit fabricating control program, each of which is numbered like the appended claims and depends from the other mode or modes, where appropriate, for easier understanding of technical features disclosed in the present application and possible combinations of those features. However, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those technical features or combinations thereof, and that any one of a plurality of technical features described below with respect to any one mode of the invention may be a subject matter of the present invention, without the other technical feature or features being combined with that one technical feature.

(1) An electric-circuit fabricating system for fabricating an electric circuit by performing a predetermined working operation on a circuit substrate, comprising:

-   -   a substrate holding device operable to hold the circuit         substrate at a position almost aligned with a predetermined         working position thereof;     -   an imaging device operable to image a surface of the circuit         substrate on which the predetermined working operation is to be         performed;     -   an imaging control device operable to control the imaging device         to take an image of at least one substrate-position fiducial         mark provided on the surface of the circuit substrate, and         obtain substrate-position information on the basis of the image,         the substrate-position information indicating the position at         which the circuit substrate is held by the substrate holding         device; and     -   a working device operable to perform the predetermined working         operation on the circuit substrate, on the basis of the         substrate-position information,     -   and wherein the imaging control device includes a         substrate-identification control portion operable to control the         imaging device to take an image of a substrate ID mark provided         on the surface of the circuit substrate as held by the substrate         holding device, the substrate-identification control portion         obtaining substrate identifying information identifying the         circuit substrate, on the basis of the image of said substrate         ID mark.

In a working device arranged to perform a predetermined working operation on a circuit substrate, the working operation is generally performed while the circuit substrate is held or fixed in position. A substrate holding device for holding the circuit substrate is not usually able to hold the circuit substrate at its predetermined working position with high accuracy. Accordingly, the circuit substrate as held by the substrate holding device has some positioning errors. In view of this drawback, at least one substrate-position fiducial mark is usually provided on the circuit substrate, and an image of this fiducial mark is taken while the circuit substrate is held by the substrate holding device. Image data indicative of the image of the fiducial mark are processed to obtain substrate-position information indicating the positioning errors of the circuit substrate, so that the working operation is performed on the basis of the obtained substrate-position information, so as to eliminate the positioning errors of the circuit substrate. An electric-circuit fabricating system is usually provided with an imaging device for the purpose of taking the image of the substrate-position fiducial mark, as in the system of the present invention.

The electric-circuit fabricating system according to the above-indicated mode (1) of this invention includes an imaging device operable to take the image of the substrate-position fiducial mark, and imaging control device operable to control the imaging device to take not only the image of the substrate-position fiducial mark, but also an image of a substrate ID mark which is also provided on the circuit substrate and which is an identifier identifying the circuit substrate. Thus, the specific kind or configuration of the circuit substrate which has been held by the substrate holding device and on which the working operation will be performed can be recognized by the obtained substrate identifying information obtained on the basis of the image of the substrate ID mark. Therefore, the present arrangement permits the working operation to be performed on the correct circuit substrate, even in the event of a failure of another circuit substrate to reach the working device in question, or a change in the order of arrangement of the two or more substrates including the circuit substrate in question. Further, the present arrangement eliminates a need of identifying the circuit substrate in a working device disposed upstream of the working device in question, and therefore a need of providing an exclusive identifier-recognition device for identifying the circuit substrate at a location outside the working device in question. Accordingly, the present electric-circuit fabricating system can be simplified in construction, and is capable of identifying the circuit substrate as well as detecting the position of the circuit substrate, by moving the imaging device and the circuit substrate relative to each other, according to a control program depending upon the positions of the substrate-position fiducial mark and the substrate ID mark. In the absence of the exclusive identifier-recognition device, the present system would not require a setup changeover of the system upon a change in the location of the identifier-recognition device.

The construction of the imaging device is not particularly limited. However, a CCD camera or a line sensor is preferably used as the imaging device. Where the present electric-circuit fabricating system includes an imaging-device moving device operable to move the imaging device relative to the circuit substrate, in a plane parallel to the surface of the circuit substrate, the imaging control device may include a portion operable to control the imaging-device moving device. Further, the imaging control device may be constituted principally by a computer, and may include an image-data processing device operable to process image data indicative of the images of the substrate-position fiducial mark and the substrate ID mark. The present system may further includes a system control device provided to effect a centralized or coordinated control of the system as a whole. In this case, the system control device may function as the imaging control device, or may include an imaging control portion serving as the imaging control device.

(2) An electric-circuit fabricating system according to the above mode (1), wherein the working device is operable to perform the predetermined working operation on the circuit substrate, on the basis of specific information in relation to the substrate identifying information, the specific information indicating at least one specific characteristic of the circuit substrate.

The substrate identifying information identifies the specific circuit substrate (specific kind or configuration of the circuit substrate) as distinguished from the other circuit substrates. Usually, the working operation on the specific circuit substrate thus identified by the substrate identifying information is performed according to the specific information which is correlated to the specific circuit substrate and which indicates the specific characteristic or characteristics of that circuit substrate. In this case, the intended working operation is performed on the circuit substrate in question, according to the specific information in relation to the substrate identifying information.

The specific information may be obtained by recognizing at least one indicator provided on the circuit substrate, and may include, for example, area-position specifying information and area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information. The area-position specifying information indicates positions of a plurality of working areas of the working surface of the circuit substrate, while the area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information indicates whether the working operation in each of the working areas is inhibited or not. The specific information may also include a working-program specifying information which specifies a working control program used to control the specific working operation to be performed on the circuit substrate in question. Various sets of specific information such as various working control programs indicted above are stored in a memory means of a control device for the working device in question, such that the sets of specific information are correlated with the substrate identifying information of each circuit substrate. The control device is loaded with the set of specific information corresponding to the substrate identifying information, so that the working operation is performed according to this set of specific information. Where the present electric-circuit fabricating system include a plurality of working devices arranged in a line, the specific information obtained by an upstream one of the working devices is transmitted to a downstream one of the working devices, in relation to the substrate identifying information. In this case, the overall operating efficiency of the system is significantly improved owing to the utilization of the specific information by the downstream information.

(3) An electric-circuit fabricating system according to the above mode (1) or (2), wherein the substrate ID mark is located adjacent one of the above-indicated at least one substrate-position fiducial mark provided on the surface of the circuit substrate.

The substrate ID mark may be provided at only one spot on each circuit substrate, which spot may be located at the same predetermined position on all of the circuit substrates. Where the substrate ID mark is located adjacent to the substrate-position fiducial mark, as in the system according to the above mode (3), a distance of relative movement of the imaging device and the circuit substrate required to image the substrate-position fiducial mark and the substrate ID mark can be reduced, so that these marks can be imaged efficiently by the imaging device. In most electric-circuit fabricating systems, each circuit substrate is provided with two substrate-position fiducial marks located at respective diagonally opposed two corner portions of a rectangle of the circuit substrate. In this case, the substrate ID mark is desirably located as close as possible to one of the two substrate-position fiducial marks, for instance, spaced from this one substrate-position fiducial mark by a distance not larger than {fraction (1/10)} of a diagonal straight line connecting the two substrate-position fiducial marks, preferably, by a distance not larger than {fraction (1/15)} of the diagonal straight line, and more preferably, by a distance not larger than {fraction (1/20)} of the diagonal straight line.

(4) An electric-circuit fabricating system according to the above mode (1), wherein the imaging device is capable of taking simultaneously the image of the substrate ID mark and an image of the above-indicated one of the above-indicated at least one substrate-position fiducial mark, within an imaging area of the imaging device, and the imaging control device includes a simultaneous-imaging control portion operable to control the imaging device to take simultaneously the images of the above-indicated one of the at least one substrate-position fiducial mark and the substrate ID mark.

Where the substrate ID mark is located adjacent to one of the at least one substrate-position fiducial mark, the imaging device and the circuit substrate are not required to be moved relative to each other to take the image of the substrate-position fiducial mark adjacent to the substrate ID mark, if the imaging device such as a CCD camera is capable of imaging the two mutually adjacent marks within its imaging area or field of vision. In this case, the images of the two marks can be taken with high efficiency. Further, the simultaneous imaging of the two marks as in the above mode (4) permits a further improvement in the operating efficiency of the electric-circuit fabricating system.

(5) An electric-circuit fabricating system according to any one of the above modes (1)-(4), wherein the substrate ID mark consists of a two-dimensional code.

The use of the two-dimensional code such as a bar code or QR code as the substrate ID mark is advantageous for its relatively large volume of information per unit surface area, so that the size of the substrate ID mark can be reduced. Further, the use of the two-dimensional bar code as the substrate ID mark permits an easier arrangement for enabling the imaging device to image the substrate ID mark and the substrate-position fiducial mark within the imaging area of the imaging device, as described above with respect to the above mode (4).

(6) An electric-circuit fabricating system according to any one of the above modes (1)-(5), wherein the working device operable to perform the predetermined working operation on the circuit substrate is selected from a group consisting of: a solder-paste applying device operable to apply to the surface of the circuit substrate a solder paste for fixing electric components on the surface; an adhesive applying device operable to apply to the surface of the circuit substrate an adhesive for fixing electric components on the surface; an electric-component mounting device operable to mount electric components on the surface of the circuit substrate; an inspecting device operable to inspect the predetermined working operation performed on the surface of the circuit substrate.

The principle of the present invention according to the above mode (1) of using the substrate imaging device to take the image of the substrate ID mark is available for a wide variety of electric-circuit fabricating systems which include any one of the working devices described above with respect to the above mode (6) by way of example.

(7) A method of fabricating an electric circuit by performing a predetermined working operation on a circuit substrate, said method comprising:

-   -   a substrate-holding step of holding the circuit substrate at a         position almost aligned with a predetermined working position         thereof;     -   a substrate-position-information obtaining step of operating an         imaging device to take an image of at least one         substrate-position fiducial mark provided on a surface of the         circuit substrate, and obtaining substrate-position information         on the basis of the image, the substrate-position information         indicating the position at which the circuit substrate is held;     -   substrate-identifying step of operating the imaging device to         take an image of a substrate ID mark provided on the surface of         the circuit substrate, and obtaining substrate identifying         information identifying the circuit substrate, on the basis of         the image of the substrate ID mark; and     -   a working step of performing the predetermined working operation         on the basis of the substrate-position information.

The present electric-circuit fabricating method according to the above mode (7) of this invention may be practiced by the electric-circuit fabricating system according to the above mode (1) of the invention. Any one of the technical features of the above modes (2)-(6) is applicable to the method of the above mode (7).

(8) A control program executed by a computer to perform a predetermined working operation on a circuit substrate, for fabricating an electric circuit, said control program comprising:

-   -   a substrate-holding step of holding the circuit substrate at a         position almost aligned with a predetermined working position         thereof;     -   a substrate-position-information obtaining step of operating an         imaging device to take an image of at least one         substrate-position fiducial mark provided on a surface of the         circuit substrate, and obtaining substrate-position information         on the basis of the image, the substrate-position information         indicating the position at which the circuit substrate is held;     -   substrate-identifying step of operating the imaging device to         take an image of a substrate ID mark provided on the surface of         the circuit substrate, and obtaining substrate identifying         information identifying the circuit substrate, on the basis of         the image of the substrate ID mark; and     -   a working step of performing the predetermined working operation         on the basis of the substrate-position information.

(9) A recording medium which is accessible by a computer and which stores a control program as defined in the above mode (8).

The control program according to the above mode (8) may be a control program usable for controlling the electric-circuit fabricating system according to the above mode (1), and a control program for practicing the electric-circuit fabricating method according to the above mode (7), while the recording medium according to the above mode (9) which stores the control program according to the above mode (8) may be a recording medium such as a floppy disc, a CD-ROM, a RAM or a ROM, which stores the control program for the system of the above mode (1) or the method of the above mode (7). Any one of the technical features of the above modes (2)-(6) is applicable to the control program of the above mode (8) and the recording medium of the above mode (9).

(10) A circuit substrate carrying at least one substrate-position fiducial mark indicative of a position of the circuit substrate, and a substrate ID mark in the form of a two-dimensional bar code which identifies the circuit substrate and which is located adjacent to one of the above-indicated at least one substrate-position fiducial mark.

Where a working operation is performed on the circuit substrate according to the above mode (10) of this invention, the electric circuit can be fabricated with high efficiency. Any one of the technical features according to the above modes (1)-(6) is applicable to the circuit substrate according to the above mode (10).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other objects, features, advantages and technical and industrial significance of the present invention will be better understood by reading the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a view illustrating an electric-component mounting system including a plurality of working devices arranged in a line;

FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing a first mounting device in the form of an electric-component mounting device of rotary head type;

FIG. 3 is a side elevational view partly in cross section of an indexing type mounting assembly of the first mounting device;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a first-mounting-device control device for controlling the first mounting device, and some elements of the first mounting device which relate to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a plan view schematically showing a second mounting device in the form of an electric-component mounting device of XY robot type;

FIG. 6 is a side elevational view schematically showing an entirety of the second mounting device;

FIG. 7 is a fragmentary front elevational view showing a single-head type mounting unit of the second mounting device, and its vicinity;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a second-mounting-device control device for controlling the second mounting device, and some elements of the second mounting device which relate to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a view illustrating a circuit substrate on which working operations are performed;

FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating a first working process performed by the first mounting device;

FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating a routine executed in the first working process, to obtain substrate-position information and identify the circuit substrate;

FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating a routine executed in the first working process, to obtain substrate-section-position specifying information;

FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating a routine executed in the first working process, to obtain information for determining whether a working operation on each section of the circuit substrate is possible or not;

FIG. 14 is a flow chart illustrating a first component-mounting routine executed in the first working process;

FIG. 15 is a view showing a data format of various kinds of specific substrate information stored in a system control device in the first working process; and

FIG. 16 is a flow chart illustrating a second working process performed by the second mounting device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

<Overall Arrangement of Electric-circuit Fabricating System>

Referring first to FIG. 1, there is schematically shown an electric-circuit fabricating system arranged to fabricate an electric circuit. This electric-circuit fabricating system includes a solder-paste applying device 10 arranged to apply a solder pate (a creamy solder) to a circuit substrate 52 (shown in FIGS. 2 and 3), two electric-component mounting devices 12, 14 arranged to mount electric components 90 (shown in FIG. 3) on the circuit substrate 52, and a re-flow furnace device 16 arranged to fix the electric components 90 mounted on the circuit substrate 52, with the applied solder paste. These devices 10, 12, 14 and 16 are arranged in the order of description, in a direction from the upstream side toward the downstream side of the system, namely, in the right direction as seen in FIG. 1. Between the adjacent ones of the devices 10, 12, 14, 16, there is interposed a substrate transferring device 18 so as to connect the adjacent devices. Further, a substrate loading device 20 is disposed on the upstream side of the solder-paste applying device 10, to load the circuit substrates 52 one after another into the present electric-circuit fabricating system, while a substrate unloading device 22 is disposed on the downstream side of the re-flow furnace device 16, to unload the circuit substrates 52 from the present system. At a position spaced from a line of transfer of the circuit substrates 52 through the present system, there is disposed a system control device 24 which is constituted principally by a computer and which is arranged to implement a centralized or coordinated control of the devices of the system which have been described. The upstream electric-component mounting device 12, which will be referred to as the “first mounting device 12”, is a mounting device of rotary head type having an indexing type mounting assembly which carries a plurality of mounting heads and which is intermittently rotated to turn the mounting heads about a common axis. On the other hand, the downstream electric-component mounting device 14, which will be referred to as the “second mounting device 14”, is a mounting device of XY robot type. A predetermined set of electric components 90 is mounted on each circuit substrate 52 by the first and second mounting devices 12, 14, which are assigned to handle the electric components 90 of different kinds. For instance, the first mounting device 12 is assigned to mount the electric components 90 of comparatively small sizes on the circuit substrate 52, while the second mounting device 14 is assigned to mount the electric components 90 of comparatively large sizes or of unusual configurations on the same circuit substrate 52. In the present embodiment, these two mounting devices 12, 14 use various kinds of specific information in relation to identification of the circuit substrates 52, and respectively function as a first working device and a second working device, which are respectively assigned to perform first and second working operations in the form of first and second working processes, which are both component-mounting operations to mount the electric components 90 on the circuit substrates 52.

<Arrangement of First Mounting Device>

Referring next to the plan view of FIG. 2 and the side elevational view of FIG. 3 partly in cross section, there are schematically shown the first mounting device 12 and an indexing-type mounting assembly 60 of the first mounting device 12. The first mounting device 12 includes: a main body 50; a substrate holding device 54 operable to hold a circuit substrate 52; an XY positioning device 56 disposed on the main body 50 and operable to move or position the substrate holding device 54 in an X-axis direction and a Y-axis direction; a component-supplying device 58 disposed on a portion of the main body 50 on a rear side (on an upper side as seen in FIG. 2) of the XY positioning device 56; the above-indicated indexing type mounting assembly 60 disposed on a portion of the main body 50 located above the substrate holding device 54 and the component-supplying device 58; a substrate imaging device 62 including an image-taking device in the form of a CCD camera disposed in front of the mounting assembly 60 and operable to take images of predetermined areas of a component-mounting surface of the circuit substrate 52; and a first mounting-device control device 64 (shown in FIG. 4) provided to control the above-indicated elements of the first mounting device 12. The first mounting device 12 is constructed as disclosed in co-pending application Ser. No. 10/159,008, and the mounting assembly 60 is constructed as disclosed in JP-A-6-342998 and co-pending application Ser. No. 09/863,431, while the component-supplying device 58 is constructed as disclosed in JP-B2-8-21791. Since the understanding of the specific constructions of the first mounting device 12, mounting assembly 60 and component-supplying device 58 is not necessary to understanding the principle of this invention, these devices 12, 60, 58 will be briefly described.

The substrate holding device 54 is arranged to hold and fix the circuit substrate 52 at a position almost aligned with a nominal working position, and is provided with a substrate conveyor (not shown) connected to the upstream and downstream substrate transferring devices 18. The XY positioning device 56 includes a Y-axis slide 72 which supports the substrate holding device 54 and which is movable in the Y-axis direction, and an X-axis slide 74 which supports the Y-axis slide 72 and which is movable in the X-axis direction. The XY positioning device 56 further includes drive sources in the form of servomotors and ballscrew-ballnut mechanisms operated by the servomotors to move the Y-axis slide 72 and the X-axis slide 74. The component-supplying device 58 includes two component-supply tables 78, a component-supply-table moving device 80 operable to move the two component-supply tables 78 independently of each other in the X-axis direction, and two sets of tape feeders 82 arranged on the respective to component-supply tables 78. Each tape feeder 82 is operable to feed a carrier tape which accommodates a succession of electric components 90, so that the electric components 90 are fed one after another to a component-supply portion of the tape feeder 82. In FIG. 2, only the set of tape feeders 82 arranged on one of the two component-supply tables 78 is shown. A selected one of the two component-supply tables 78 is moved in the X-axis direction to a predetermined component-supplying position at which the electric component 90 at the leading end of the non-used portion of the carrier tape of the selected tape feeder 82 is received by one of a plurality of mounting heads 88 (described below) of the mounting assembly 60 which is located at a predetermined component-receiving position.

The indexing type mounting assembly 60 includes an indexing body 86, and the above-indicated plurality of mounting heads 88 which are mounted on the indexing body 82 such that the mounting heads 88 are equiangularly spaced apart from each other in the circumferential or rotating direction of the indexing body 82 and such that the axis each mounting head 88 is perpendicular to the component-mounting surface of the circuit substrate 52 as held by the substrate holding device 54. Each mounting head 88 has a suction nozzle 92 at its lower end. The suction nozzle 92 can be communicated with a negative pressure source (not shown), so that the suction nozzle 92 is operable to hold the electric component 90 by suction under a negative pressure. The indexing body 86 is intermittently rotated by a rotary drive device (not shown), and cooperates with this rotary drive device to constitute a mounting-head turning device 94 which is operable to turn the mounting heads 88 about a common axis of turning, that is, about the axis of rotation of the indexing body 86, when the indexing body 86 is intermittently rotated. With the intermittent rotary motion of the indexing body 86, each of the mounting heads 88 is successively moved to and stopped at a plurality of working positions or stations including the above-indicated component-receiving position indicated at C in FIG. 2, and a component-mounting position D at which the electric component 90 is transferred from each mounting head 88 onto the printed-wiring board 52. The indexing body 86 is provided with a mounting-head elevating and lowering device 96 and a mounting-head rotating device 98 (shown in FIG. 4), which are operable to vertically move the mounting heads 88 at the component-receiving and component-mounting positions C, D, and rotate these mounting heads 88 about their axes, if necessary.

The above-indicated working positions at which each mounting head 88 is stopped further include a component imaging station S at which a component imaging device 102 is disposed to take an image of the electric component 90 as held by the suction nozzle 92. The component imaging device 102 includes an imaging device in the form of a CCD camera oriented so as to face upwards to take the image of the electric component 90 in the upward direction. Image data indicative of the image of the electric component 90 are processed by an image-data processing device in the form of a component-image-data processing unit 104 (shown in FIG. 4), which is incorporated in the first mounting-device control device 64. The component-image-data processing unit 104 obtains information relating to horizontal and angular positions of the electric component 90 as held by the suction nozzle 92. The substrate imaging device 62 is fixedly disposed, so that the circuit substrate 52 is moved such that a desired area of the component-mounting surface of the circuit substrate 52 is aligned with the substrate imaging device 62, when an image of this area is taken by the substrate imaging device 62. Image data obtained by the substrate imaging device 62 are processed by an image-data processing device in the form of a substrate-image-data processing unit 106 (shown in FIG. 4), which is also incorporated in the first mounting-device control device 64. The substrate-image-data processing unit 106 is operable to obtain substrate-position information indicating the position of the specific circuit substrate 52, substrate identifying information identifying the circuit substrate 52, and various kinds of specific information indicating specific characteristics of the specific circuit substrate 52, as described below in detail.

Referring to the block diagram of FIG. 4, there are shown the first mounting-device control device 64, and some elements of the first mounting device 12 which relate to the present invention. The first mounting-device control device 64 is constituted principally by a computer 130 incorporating a processing unit (PU) 120, a read-only memory (ROM) 122, a random-access memory (RAM) 124, an input-output interface 126, and a bus 128 interconnecting these elements. To the input-output interface 126, there are connected through driver circuits 132 (within the first mounting-device control device 64) to the substrate holding device 54, the XY positioning device 56, the component-supplying device 58, the mounting-head turning device 94, the mounting-head elevating and lowering device 96 and the mounting-head rotating device 98. To the input-output interface 126, there are also connected the component imaging device 102 through the component-image-data processing unit 104, and the substrate imaging device 62 through the substrate-image-data processing unit 106, so that the computer 130 receive the information relating to the horizontal and angular positions of the electric components 90, the substrate-position information and the various kinds of specific information of the specific circuit substrates 52. Also connected to the input-output interface 126 are an input device 134 such as a keyboard for controlling the first mounting device 12, and the system control device 24 for controlling the electric-circuit fabricating system. The ROM 122 stores basic control programs for controlling the first mounting device 12, and the RAM 124 stores electric-component mounting programs corresponding to respective different kinds of the circuit substrates 52, and the above-indicated information relating to the horizontal and angular positions of the electric components 90, substrate-position information and various kinds of specific information relating to the circuit substrates 52. The manner of operation of the first mounting device 12 is substantially identical with that of an electric-component mounting device as disclosed in JP-B2-8-21791.

<Arrangement of Second Mounting Device>

Referring next to the plan view of FIG. 5, the side elevational view of FIG. 6 and the fragmentary elevational view of FIG. 7, there are shown the second mounting device 14 and a single-head type mounting unit 158 of the second mounting device 14. The second mounting device 14 includes: a main body 150; a substrate holding device 152 disposed on the main body 152 and arranged to hold the circuit substrate 52; a feeder type component-supplying device 154 disposed on a front side (lower side as seen in FIG. 5) of the substrate holding device 152; a tray type component-supplying device 156 disposed on a rear side (upper side as seen in FIG. 5) of the substrate holding device 152; a single-head type mounting unit 158 movable in a plane which is parallel to the circuit substrate 52 and which is located above the two component-supplying devices 154, 156 and the substrate holding device 152; an XY robot 160 disposed on the main body 150 and operable to move the mounting unit 158 in the X-axis and Y-axis directions; a substrate imaging device 162 which is movable with the mounting unit 158 by the XY robot 160 and which includes an imaging device in the form of a CCD camera operable to take images of desired areas of the component-mounting surface of the circuit substrate 52; and a second mounting-device control device 164 provided to control the above-indicated elements of the second mounting device 14. The second -mounting device 14 is constructed as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2,824,378, and the tray type component-supplying device 156 is constructed as disclosed in JP-B2-2-57719, while the single-head type mounting unit 158 is constructed as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3,093,339. Since the understanding of the specific constructions of these devices 14, 156, 158 is not necessary to understand the principle of this invention, these devices will be described only briefly.

The substrate holding device 152 is provided to receive the circuit substrate 52 transferred by substrate conveyor belts 170, and hold the circuit substrate 52 at a position almost aligned with a nominal working position. The feeder type component-supplying device 154 includes a component-supply table, and a plurality of tape feeders 172 which are arranged on the component-supply table in the X-axis direction (in the right and left direction as seen in FIG. 5). Each of the tape feeders 172 is arranged to feed a carrier tape accommodating a succession of electric components 90, so that the electric components 90 are fed one after another to a component-supply portion of the feeder 172. The tray type component-supplying device 156 includes a plurality of trays 174 which are superposed on each other in a stack and which accommodate the electric components 90. The trays 174 are movable to permit the electric components 90 to be received by the single-head type mounting unit 158.

The single-head type mounting unit 158 includes a main body 180, and a mounting head 184 which has a suction nozzle 183 at its lower end to hold the electric component 90 by suction. The mounting head 184 is held by the main body 180 such that the mounting head 184 is rotatable and vertically movable relative to the main body 180. The mounting unit 158 further includes a mounting-head elevating and lowering device 188 which includes a drive source in the form of an electric motor 186 and which is arranged to elevate and lower the mounting head 184. The mounting unit 158 further includes a mounting-head rotating device 190 which includes a drive source in the form of an electric motor (not shown) and which is arranged to rotate the mounting head 184 about its axis. When the mounting head 184 is located at the component-supplying and component-mounting positions, the mounting head 184 is vertically moved by the mounting-head elevating and lowering device 188, to hold the electric component 90 by suction and transfer the electric component 90 onto the component-mounting surface of the circuit substrate 52. When the electric component 90 as held by the suction nozzle 182 of the mounting head 184 has an angular positioning error, the mounting head 184 is rotated about its axis by the mounting-head rotating device 190, to eliminate the angular positioning error of the electric component 90. The suction nozzle 182 can be communicated with a negative pressure source (not shown), so that the suction nozzle 182 is operable to hold the electric component 90 by suction under a negative pressure.

The XY robot 160 includes an X-robot device 200 and a Y-robot-device 202. The X-robot device 200 is disposed on the main body 150, and includes an X-axis slide 204 and an X-axis-slide moving device 206 operable to move the X-axis slide 204 in the X-axis direction, while the Y-robot device 202 is disposed on the X-axis slide 204; and includes a Y-axis slide 208 and a Y-axis-slide moving device 210 operable to move the Y-axis slide 208 on the X-axis slide 204 in the Y-axis direction. The X-robot device 200 and the Y-robot device 202 include respective drive sources in the form of servomotors, and ballscrew-ballnut mechanisms operated by the servomotors to move the X-axis and Y-axis slides 204, 208. The single-head type mounting unit 158 is mounted on the Y-axis slide 208.

On the X-axis slide 204, there is mounted a component imaging device 220 (shown in FIG. 8) which includes an imaging device in the form of a CCD camera, and a light guiding device in the form of a reflecting mirror 222 shown in FIG. 5. When the component imaging device 220 passes a point right above the reflecting mirror 222, during a movement of the X-axis slide 204, the CCD camera is operated to take an image of the electric component 90 as held by the mounting head 184. Image data indicative of the image of the electric component 90 are processed by an image-data processing device in the form of a component-image-data processing unit 224 (shown in FIG. 8), which is incorporated in the second mounting-device control device 164. The component-image-data processing unit 224 obtains information relating to horizontal and angular positions of the electric component 90. The substrate imaging device 162 is disposed on the Y-axis slide 208, as shown in FIG. 7, and is moved by the XY robot 170 in the XY plane, to take images of desired areas of the component-mounting surface of the circuit substrate 52. Image data obtained by the substrate imaging device 162 are processed by an image-data processing device in the form of a substrate-image-data processing unit 226 (shown in FIG. 8), which is also incorporated in the second mounting-device control device 164. The substrate-image-data processing unit 226 obtain substrate-position information and various kinds of specific information of the specific circuit substrates 52.

The block diagram of FIG. 8 shows the second mounting-device control device 164 and some elements of the second mounting-device control device 14 which relate to the present invention. The second mounting-device control device 164 is constituted principally by a computer 240 incorporating a processing unit (PU) 230, a read-only memory (ROM) 232, a random-access memory (RAM) 234, an input-output interface 236, and a bus 238 interconnecting these elements. To the input-output interface 236, there are connected through driver circuits 242 (within the second mounting-device control device 164) to the substrate holding device 152, the XY robot 160, the feeder type component-supplying device 154, the tray type component-supplying device 156, the mounting-head elevating and lowering device 188 and the mounting-head rotating device 190. To the input-output interface 236, there are also connected the component imaging device 220 through the component-image-data processing unit 224, and the substrate imaging device 162 through the substrate-image-data processing unit 226, so that the computer 240 receive the information relating to the horizontal and angular positions of the electric components 90, the substrate-position information and the specific information of the circuit substrates 52. Also connected to the input-output interface 236 are an input device 244 such as a keyboard for controlling the second mounting device 14, and the system control device 24 for controlling the electric-circuit fabricating system. The ROM 232 stores basic control programs for controlling the second mounting device 15, and the RAM 234 stores electric-component mounting programs corresponding to different kinds of the circuit substrates 52, and the above-indicated information relating to the horizontal and angular positions of the electric components 90, substrate-position information and specific information relating to the circuit substrates 52. The manner of operation of the first mounting device 12 is substantially identical with those of electric-component mounting devices as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2,824,378.

<Circuit Substrate>

As shown in FIG. 9, the circuit substrate 52 on which the mounting operations are performed by the first and second mounting devices 12, 14 in the present embodiment has four rectangular working areas 260 in which the electric components 90 are to be mounted. These four working areas are arranged in its longitudinal direction of the substrate 52. After all operations of the present electric-circuit fabricating system have been performed on the substrate 52 is terminated in the , the substrate 52 is cut or otherwise separated into four boards which correspond to the respective four working areas 260 and which have respective four electric circuits. In the present embodiment, the four working areas 260 have the same wiring pattern. Accordingly, the same component-mounting program may be used for all of the four working areas 260, in the first and second working processes, which will be described.

The rectangular circuit substrate 52 has two substrate-position fiducial marks 262, which are located at respective two corner portions of a rectangle of the circuit substrate 52 that are opposed to each other in one diagonal direction of the rectangle. The two corner portions at which the two substrate-position fiducial marks 262 are located serve as substrate-fiducial-position indicating portions, which are provided with substrate-fiducial-position indicators in the form of the fiducial marks 262, which provide substrate-position information indicative of the position of the circuit substrate 52 as held by the substrate holding device 54 or 152 in the fist and second working processes. Described in detail, images of the two substrate-position fiducial marks 262 are taken by the substrate imaging devices 62, 162 while the circuit substrate 52 is held by the substrate holding device 54, 152. Image data indicative of these images are processed by image-data processing devices in the form of the substrate-image-data processing units 106, 222, to detect horizontal positioning errors of the circuit substrate 52 in the X-axis and Y-axis directions in the XY plane parallel to the component-mounting surface of the circuit substrate 52, and an angular positioning error of the circuit substrate 52 about an axis perpendicular to the component-mounting surface (in a θ-axis direction). When the electric components 90 are mounted on the circuit substrate 52, the component-mounting spots on the component-mounting surface are adjusted on the basis of these horizontal and angular positioning errors (positioning errors in the X-axis, Y-axis and θ-axis directions) of the circuit substrate 52, that is, for compensation for these positioning errors.

Adjacent to one of the two substrate-position fiducial marks 262, there is provided a substrate identifier in the form of a substrate ID mark 264 which identifies the circuit substrate 52. A portion of the circuit substrate 52 at which the substrate ID mark 264 is located serve as a substrate identifier portion provided with the substrate identifier, which provides substrate identifying information identifying the circuit substrate 52. While the circuit substrate 52 is held by the substrate holding device 54, 152, an image of the substrate ID mark 264 is taken by the substrate imaging devices 62, 162, and image data indicative of the image are processed by the substrate-image-data processing units 106, 226, to identify the specific circuit substrate 52. The substrate ID mark 264 is a two-dimensional bar code disposed within a comparatively small surface area near one of the two substrate-position fiducial marks 262, so that the image of the substrate ID mark 264 can be located within the imaging area (field of vision) of the substrate imaging device 62, 162 (more precisely, its CCD camera) when the image of the above-indicated substrate-position fiducial mark 262 is taken by the substrate imaging device 62, 162. Thus, the images of this substrate-position fiducial mark 262 and the substrate ID mark 264 can be taken at one time by the substrate imaging device 62, 162, without having to move the substrate imaging device 62, 162 relative to the circuit substrate 52.

Each of the four rectangular working areas 260 on the component-mounting surface of the circuit substrate 52 is defined by area-fiducial-position indicators in the form of two area-position fiducial marks 266, which are located to specify respective two corner portions of a rectangle of each working area 260. These two area-position fiducial marks 266 are precisely located at predetermined positions relative to the wiring pattern printed in the corresponding working area 260, and function as indicators which provide area-position specifying information indicative of the position of each working area 260 relative to the circuit substrate 52. This area-position specifying information provided by the area-position fiducial marks 266 is a kind of specific information on the circuit substrate 52. The two corner portions of each working area 260 at which the two area-position fiducial marks 266 are located serve as specific-information providing portions in which the specific information in the form of the area-position specifying information is provided. It will be understood that the substrate-position fiducial marks 262 and the area-position fiducial marks 266 cooperate to permit accurate detection of the position of each working area 260 relative to the circuit substrate 52, or the position of each working area 260 within the circuit substrate 52. Thus, the substrate-position information provided by the substrate-position fiducial mark 262 and the area-position specifying information provided by the area-position fiducial marks 266 cooperate to define a positional relationship between each working area 260 and the circuit substrate 52 (substrate-position fiducial marks 262). Like the substrate-position fiducial marks 262, the area-position fiducial marks 266 are imaged by the substrate imaging devices 62, 162. The obtained image data are processed by the substrate-image-data processing units 106, 226, to detect obtain the area-position specifying information indicative of the positions of each working area 260 in the X-axis, Y-axis and θ-axis directions relative to the substrate-position fiducial marks 262.

A mounting-inhibit mark 268 may be provided within each of a selected one or ones of the four working areas 260 of the circuit substrate 52. In the example of FIG. 9, the mounting-inhibit mark 268 is provided in the second working area 260 as counted from the rightmost working area 260. The mounting-inhibit mark 268 serves as an indicator providing area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information which indicates whether a working operation in the working area 260 is inhibited or not, or possible or not, in the first and second working processes. In the present embodiment, the mounting-inhibit mark 268 serves as an indicator indicating whether an operation to mount the electric components 90 in the corresponding working area 260 is inhibited. For example, the mounting-inhibit mark 268 is provided in each working area 260 in which the printed wiring pattern is defective. The area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information provided by the mounting-inhibit mark 268 is also a kind of specific information relating to the specific circuit substrate 52, and the mark 268 serves as one of the indicators providing various kinds of specific information of the circuit substrate 52. All of the four working areas 260 have the same predetermined positions at which the mounting-inhibit mark 268 is located, if this mark 268 is provided. That is, if the mounting-inhibit marks 268 are provided in two or more working areas 260, these marks 268 are located at the same position relative to the area-position fiducial marks 266. The working areas 260 in which the mounting operations are permitted are not provided with the mounting-inhibit marks 268. In FIG. 9, the mounting operations are permitted in the three working areas 260 in which the positions for the mounting-inhibit mark 268 are indicated by triangles of broken line. Thus, portions of each working area 260 at which the mounting-inhibit mark 268 is located when provided serve as specific-information providing portions which provide the specific information in the form of the area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information. Like the substrate-position fiducial marks 262 and the area-position fiducial marks 266, the mounting-inhibit mark 268 is imaged by the substrate imaging devices 62, 162, and the obtained image data are processed by the substrate-image-data processing units 106, 226, to obtain the area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information.

<Operations of First and Second Mounting Devices in First and Second Working Processes>

The first working process is performed by the first mounting device 12, and the second working process is performed by the second mounting device 14. The first and second mounting devices 12, 14 are controlled by the respective first and second mounting-device control devices 64, 164, according to the basic control programs stored in the ROMs 122, 232, and the electric-component mounting programs stored in the RAMs 124, 234. The electric-component mounting programs include data representative of the electric components 90, the corresponding component-mounting spots on the circuit board 52, and the order in which the electric components 90 are mounted at the respective component-mounting spots. The RAMs 124, 234 also store position data indicative of the positions of the above-described substrate-position fiducial marks 262, substrate ID mark 264, area-position fiducial marks 266 and mounting-inhibit marks 268. The electric-component mounting programs also include positioning data for positioning the substrate imaging devices 62, 162 and the circuit substrate 52 relative to each other, on the basis of the above-indicated position data, to take the images of those marks 262, 264, 266, 268.

Referring to the flow chart of FIG. 10, there will be described the first working process performed by the first mounting device 12. The first working process is initiated with step S1 in which the circuit substrate 52 transferred from the upstream substrate transferring device 18 is held by the substrate holding device 54, at a position almost aligned with the nominal working position. Thus, the step S1 is a substrate holding step of holding the circuit substrate 52. Then, the control flow goes to step S2 to obtain the substrate-position information and substrate identifying information. That is, the step S2 is a combination of a step of identifying the circuit substrate and a step of obtaining the substrate-position information, in the first working process.

The flow chart of FIG. 11 illustrates a routine executed in step S2 to obtain the substrate-position information and to identify the circuit substrate 52. This routine is initiated with step S21 in which the substrate holding device 54 holding the circuit substrate 54 is moved by the XY positioning device 56, so that one of the two substrate-position fiducial marks 262 is located right below the substrate imaging device 62. In the present embodiment, the substrate-position fiducial mark 262 located at the upper left corner of the rectangular circuit substrate 52 is located right below the substrate imaging device 62. This fiducial mark 262 will be referred to as a first substrate-position fiducial mark 262, while the other fiducial mark 262 will be referred to as a second substrate-position fiducial mark 262. Described more precisely, the circuit substrate 52 is moved relative to the substrate imaging device 62, to a position at which both the first substrate-position fiducial mark 280 and the substrate ID mark 264 located adjacent the fiducial mark 262 are located within the imaging area of the substrate imaging device 62. At this position, these two marks 280, 264 and the surrounding area of the component-mounting surface of the circuit substrate 52 are imaged by the substrate imaging device 62, to obtain first image data. Step S21 is followed by step S22 in which the obtained first image data are processed to calculate the X-axis and Y-axis positions of the first substrate-position fiducial mark 280 in the machine coordinate system set for the first mounting device 12, and to identify the circuit substrate 52 held by the substrate 52.

Then, the control flow goes to step S23 in which the circuit substrate 52 is moved to a position at which the second substrate-position fiducial mark 282 is located right below the substrate imaging device 62. At this position, the second fiducial mark 282 and the surrounding area of the component-mounting surface are imaged by the substrate imaging device 62, to obtain second image data. Step S23 is followed by step S24 in which the obtained second image are processed to calculate the X-axis and Y-axis positions of the second substrate-position fiducial mark 282 in the machine coordinate system. Then, the control flow goes to step S25 in which the substrate-position information indicative of the position of the circuit substrate 52 as held by the substrate holding device 54 is obtained on the basis of the position data of the first and second substrate-position fiducial marks 280, 282 obtained in step S22 and S24. Described more specifically, the substrate-position information include errors of positioning of the circuit substrate 52 with respect to the nominal working position, namely, horizontal positioning errors ΔXa1 and ΔYa1 in the respective X-axis and Y-axis directions, and an angular positioning error Δθa1 in the θ-axis direction (angle of one side of the circuit substrate 52 with respect to the X or Y axis of the XY coordinate system). These positioning errors are stored in the RAM 124. On the basis of the positioning errors, the first mounting-device control device 64 establishes a working coordinate system in which the movements of the movable members such as the XY positioning device 56 to mount the electric components 90 on the circuit substrate 52 are defined and commanded. The routine of FIG. 11 can be executed with high efficiency, due to the simultaneous imaging of the first substrate-position fiducial mark 280 and the substrate ID mark 264 in step S21.

After the substrate-position information and the substrate identifying information have been obtained in step S2, the control flow goes to step S3 to obtain the area-position specifying information indicative of the positions of the working areas 260. This step S3 constitutes a part of a step of obtaining various kinds of specific information on the circuit substrate 52. The flow chart of FIG. 12 illustrates a routine executed in step S3 to obtain the area-position specifying information, which is obtained for each of the four working areas 260 one after another, in the order in which the four working areas 260 are arranged in the right direction as seen in FIG. 9. In the following description, the four working areas 260 arranged in the right direction are referred to as first, second, third and fourth working areas 260.

In the first cycle of execution of the routine of FIG. 12, the area-position specifying information is obtained for the first working area 260. The routine is initiated with step S31 in which the circuit substrate 52 is moved by the XY positioning device 56, so that one of the two area-position fiducial marks 266, that is, the upper left area-position fiducial mark 266 as seen in FIG. 9 is located right below the substrate imaging device 62. At this position, the upper left area-position fiducial mark 266 and the surrounding area are imaged by the substrate imaging device 62, to obtain first image data. Then, the control flow goes to step S32 in which the thus obtained first image data are processed to obtain the X-axis and Y-axis positions of the upper left area-position fiducial mark 266 in the working coordinate system indicated above. Step S32 is followed by step S33 in which the circuit substrate 52 is moved so that the other area-position fiducial mark 266, that is, the lower right area-position fiducial mark 266 is located right below the substrate imaging device 62. At this position, the lower right area-position fiducial mark 266 and the surrounding area are imaged to obtain second image data. Then, the control flow goes to step S34 in which the obtained second image data are processed to obtain the X-axis and Y-axis positions of the lower right area-position fiducial mark 266.

Then, the control flow goes to step S35 in which the information specifying the position of the first working area 260 in the working coordinate system is obtained on the basis of the position data of the two area-position fiducial marks 266. This area-position specifying information includes errors of positioning of the first working area 260 with respect to the nominal position within the circuit substrate 52. For example, these positioning errors of the first working area 260 are represented by offset distances ΔXb1 and ΔYb1 of the zero point of the first working area 260 with respect to the zero point of the working coordinate system in the respective X-axis and Y-axis directions, and an angle Δθb1 in the θ-axis direction of the working area 269 (angle of one side of the working area 260 with respect to the X or Y axis of the XY coordinate system). These offset distances and angle of the first working area 260 are stored in the RAM 124. Step S35 is followed by step S36 to determine whether the area-position specifying information has been obtained for all of the four working areas 260. Steps S31-S35 are repeatedly implemented until an affirmative decision (YES is obtained in step S36, that is, until sets of information specifying the positions of the four working areas 260 have been obtained. When the affirmative decision is obtained in step S35, the execution of the routine of FIG. 12 is terminated.

After the areas-position specifying information has been obtained in sep S3, the control flow goes to step S4 to obtain the area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information. In this embodiment, this area-working inhibit-non-inhibit information indicates whether the operation to mount the electric components 90 should be performed in each of the working areas 260. This step S4 of obtaining the area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information also constitutes a part of the step of obtaining the various kinds of specific information on the circuit substrate 52. The flow chart-of FIG. 12 illustrates a routine executed in step S4 to obtain the area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information. Like step S3, step S4 is implemented for the first through fourth working areas 260, in this order of description.

The routine of FIG. 13 is initiated with step S41 in which the circuit substrate 52 is moved by the XY positioning device 56, to a position at which the position of the mounting-inhibit mark 268 is located right below the substrate imaging device 62. The mounting-inhibit mark 268 may or may not actually be provided at this position. Then, the area of the working area 260 including or surrounding this position is imaged by the substrate imaging device 62. Step S41 is followed by step S42 in which image data obtained in step S42 are processed to obtain the area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information, that is, to determine whether the mounting-inhibit mark 268 is provided on the working area 260 under examination. This information is stored in the RAM 124. For example, an INHIBIT flag provided in the RAM 124 is set to “1” when the mark 268 has been detected, or to “0” when the mark 268 has not been detected. Step S42 is followed by step S43 to determine whether the area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information has been obtained for all of the four working areas 260. Steps S41 and S42 are repeatedly implemented until an affirmative decision (YES) is obtained in step S43, that is, until the area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information has been obtained for all of the working areas 260. When the affirmative decision is obtained in step S43, the execution of the routine of FIG. 12 is terminated.

After the various kinds of specific information has been obtained for the circuit substrate 52 as described above, the control flow goes to step S5 in which the first mounting operation is performed. This first mounting operation is considered to be a first working operation to be performed on the basis of the obtained various kinds of specific information on the circuit substrate 52. The flow chart of FIG. 14 illustrates a routine to perform the first mounting operation. The operation to mount the electric components 90 in each of the four working areas 260 is controlled according to the component mounting program corresponding to the specific circuit substrate 52 as identified in step S2. The component-mounting operations are sequentially performed in the first through fourth working areas 260 in this order.

The routine of FIG. 14 is initiated with step S51 to determine whether the component-mounting operation is permitted or possible in the working area 260 under examination (in the first working area 260 when step S51 is implemented for the first time). This determination is effected on the basis of the area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information obtained in step S4, more specifically, depending upon whether the INHIBIT flag is set at “0”. If this flag is set at “0”, it means that the component-mounting operation in the working area 260 in question is permitted, and the control flow goes to step S52 in to initiate the operation to mount the electric component 90 at the predetermined component-mounting spot in the working area 260 in question. Initially, ore of the mounting heads 88 of the indexing type mounting assembly 60 which is located at the component-receiving position C is operated to hold the electric component 90 supplied from the selected one of the tape feeders 82. Then, the indexing type mounting assembly 60 is intermittently rotated to turn that mounting head 88 along the circular path of movement. When this mounting head 88 has reached the component-imaging position S, step S53 is implemented to operate the component imaging device 102 to take the image of the electric component 90 as held by the mounting head 88. Step S53 is followed by step S54 in which the image data obtained by the component imaging device 102 are processed to obtain horizontal positioning errors ΔXc and ΔYc of the electric component 90 with respect to the axis of the mounting head 88, and an angular positioning error Δθc of the electric component 90 in the rotating direction of the mounting head 88 (in the θ-axis direction). These positioning errors ΔXc, ΔYc and Δθc are stored in the RAM 124.

Then, the control flow goes to step S55 to determine the component-mounting spot at which the electric component 90 is mounted. Described in detail with respect to the first working area 260, the nominal X-axis and Y-axis positions Xo and Yo of the component-mounting spot and the nominal angular position θo in which the electric component 90 is mounted at the component-mounting spot are adjusted on the basis of the area-position specifying information in the form of the offset distances ΔXb1 and ΔYb1 and the angle Δθb1 of the first working area 260 stored in the RAM 124, and the horizontal and angular positioning errors ΔXc, ΔYc and Δθc of the electric component 90 also stored in the RAM 124. The above-indicated nominal X-axis and Y-axis positions X0, Y0 and angular position θo are represented by the component-mounting program. To mount the electric component 90 at the adjusted X-axis and Y-axis positions and in the adjusted angular position, the mounting head 88 is rotated by the mounting-head rotating device 98, to establish the adjusted angular position of the electric component 90, during the movement of the mounting head 88 from the component-imaging position S to the component-mounting position D, and the positioning data for controlling the XY positioning device 56 are adjusted before the movement of the mounting head 88 to the component-mounting position D, so as to move the electric component 90 to the adjusted X-axis and Y-axis positions. Step S55 is followed by step S56 in which the electric component 90 held by the mounting head 88 is mounted at the component-mounting spot determined in step S55, in the angular position determined in step S55.

When the operation to mount one electric component 90 in the first working area 260 is completed, the operation to mount the next electric component 90 is initiated. In this connection, it is noted that the first mounting device 12 using the indexing type mounting assembly 60 is arranged to perform the above-indicated steps S52-S56 sequentially for the successive mounting heads 88 which are assigned to mount the respective electric components 90 at the respective component-mounting spots. When all of the electric components 90 that should be mounted have not been actually mounted in the working area 260 in question, a negative decision (NO) is obtained in step S57, and the control flow goes back to step S52 to repeat the steps S52-S56 to mount the next electric component 90. If all of the electric components 90 have been actually mounted in the working area 260, an affirmative decision (YES) is obtained in step S57, and the control flow goes to step S58 to determine whether the mounting of the electric components 90 in all of the four working areas 260 is completed. If the mounting is not completed in all of the working areas 260, a negative decision (NO) is obtained in step S58, and the control flow goes back to step S1 to mount the electric components 90 in the next working area 260. In the present example of FIG. 9, the component-mounting operation in the third working area 260 is inhibited by the mounting-inhibit mark 268, so that a negative decision (NO) is obtained in step S51 in response to the value “1” of the INHIBIT flag. In this case, the control flow goes to step S58. When the mounting of the electric components 90 in all of the four working areas 260 (except the area 260 provided with the mounting-inhibit mark 268) is completed, an affirmative decision (YES) is obtained in step S58, and the execution of the routine of FIG. 14 is terminated, that is, the first mounting operation by the first mounting device 12 is terminated.

Upon completion of the first mounting operation in step S5, the control flow goes to step S6 in which some of the specific information stored in the RAM 124 of the first mounting-device control device 64, that is, the area-position specifying information and the area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information are transmitted to the system control device 24. In the RAM 124 and the system control device 24, sets of specific information on the different kinds of circuit substrate 52 are stored in relation to the substrate identifiers identifying the kinds of the circuit substrate 52, as indicated in FIG. 15. The specific information transmitted from the RAM 124 to the system control device 24 is stored in the system control device 24. In this respect, the step S6 is considered to be a step of storing the specific information in the system control device 24. Then, the control flow goes to step S7 in which the circuit substrate 52 is released from the substrate holding device 54, and the first working process in the form of the first component-mounting process is terminated.

There will next be described the second working process performed by the second mounting device 14, by reference to the flow chart of FIG. 16. The second working process is initiated with step S101 in which the circuit substrate 52 transferred from the upstream substrate transferring device 18 is held by the substrate holding device 152, at a position almost aligned with the nominal working position. This step S101 is also a step of holding the circuit substrate 52. Then, the control flow goes to step S102 to obtain the substrate-position information and the substrate identifying information. That is, the step S102 is a combination of a step of identifying the circuit substrate and a step of obtaining the substrate-position information, in the second working process. The step S102 is similar to the step S2, that is, similar to the routine illustrated in the flow chart of FIG. 11. However, the second mounting device 14 uses the single-head type mounting unit 158 movable in the XY plane by the XY robot 160, and the movable component imaging device 162 which is movable with the mounting unit 158. Further, the substrate holding device 152 is not movable, but is fixedly disposed. As in the first working process, the substrate-position information and the substrate identifying information are obtained by simultaneously imaging the first substrate-position fiducial mark 280 and the substrate ID mark 264, processing the thus obtained image data, imaging the second substrate-position fiducial mark 282, and processing the thus obtained image data. As in the first working process, the substrate-position information include horizontal positioning errors ΔXa2 and ΔYa2 and an angular positioning error Δθa2 of the circuit substrate 52, which are stored in the RAM 234 of the second mounting-device control device 164. On the basis of the substrate-position information, the working coordinate system is set for defining and commanding the movements of the movable devices such as the XY robot 160 to mount the electric components 80 on the circuit substrate 52.

Then, the control flow goes to step S103 in which the control device 164 of the second mounting device 14 receives the specific information from the system control device 24 to which the specific information has been transmitted from the control device 64 of the first mounting device 12. As described above, the sets of specific information on the different kinds of circuit substrate 52 are stored in the system control device 24, in relation to the substrate identifiers identifying the kinds of the circuit substrate 52. When the second mounting device 14 has received the circuit substrate 52, its control device 164 transmits to the system control device 24 the substrate identifying information identifying the kind of that circuit substrate 52, so that the system control device 24 transmits to the control device 164 the set of specific information corresponding to that kind of the circuit substrate 52. The specific information in the form of the area-position specifying information and the area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information received by the control device 164 is stored in its RAM 234.

After the control device 164 has received the set of specific information on the circuit substrate 52 in question, step S104 is implemented to perform the second working operation in the form of the second mounting operation according to the specific information, in a manner similar to that in the first mounting operation illustrated in the flow chart of FIG. 14. As in the first mounting operation, the electric components 90 are not mounted in the third working area 260 which is provided with the mounting-inhibit mark 268. In the second mounting device 14, the single-head type mounting unit 158 carrying the mounting head 184 is moved by the XY robot 160 to move the electric components 90 at the respective component-mounting spots as adjusted on the basis of the positioning errors of each working area 260 and the positioning errors of each electric component 90 as held by the mounting head 184. After the mounting of all electric components 90 in all of the working areas 260 except the area 260 provided with the mounting-inhibit mark 268 is completed, the control flow goes to step S105 in which the circuit substrate 52 is released from the substrate holding device 152, and the second working process is terminated.

The first and second mounting devices 12, 14 are operated in the manners described above. It will be understood from the foregoing description that the first mounting device 12 serves as a first working device arranged to perform a first working operation on the circuit substrate 52, and includes the XY positioning device 56, component-supplying device 58, indexing type mounting assembly 60, and first mounting-device control device 64, which cooperate to perform the component-mounting operation as the first working operation. It will also be understood that a substrate-position-information obtaining device operable to obtain the substrate-position information includes the substrate imaging device 62, a substrate moving device in the form of the XY positioning device 56 to move the circuit substrate 52 relative to the component imaging device 62, and an imaging control device in the form of the first mounting-device control device 64, which is operable to control the substrate imaging device 62 and the substrate moving device. The imaging control device includes the substrate-image-data processing unit 106. The substrate-position-information obtaining device also functions as a specific-information obtaining device operable to obtain the various kinds of specific information on the circuit substrate 52, and also functions as a first substrate identifying device operable to identify the circuit substrate 52 set in the first mounting device 12. From another viewpoint, the imaging control device operable to control the substrate imaging device 62 may be considered to include: a substrate-position-information obtaining control portion operable to control an operation for obtaining the substrate-position information; a substrate-identification control portion operable to control an operation for obtaining the substrate identifying information; a specific-information obtaining control portion operable to control an operation for obtaining the specific information; and a simultaneous-imaging control portion operable to simultaneously image both the substrate-position fiducial mark 180 and the substrate ID mark 264 within the imaging area of the substrate imaging device 62.

It will further be understood from the foregoing description that the second mounting device 14 serves as a second working device arranged to perform a second working operation on the circuit substrate 52, and includes the feeder type component-supplying device 154, tray type component-supplying device 156, single-head type mounting unit 158, XY robot 160, and second mounting-device control device 164, which cooperate to perform the component-mounting operation as the second working operation. It will also be understood that a substrate-position-information obtaining device operable to obtain the substrate-position information in the second mounting device 14 includes the substrate imaging device 162, a substrate-moving device in the form of the XY robot 160 to move the imaging device 162 relative to the circuit substrate 52, and an imaging control device in the form of the second mounting-device control device 164, which is operable to control the substrate imaging device 162 and the imaging-device moving device. The imaging control device includes the substrate-image-data processing unit 226. The substrate-position-information obtaining device also functions as a second substrate identifying device operable to identify the circuit substrate 52 set in the second mounting device 14. From another viewpoint, the imaging control device operable to control the substrate imaging device 162 may be considered to include: a substrate-position-information obtaining control portion operable to control an operation for obtaining the substrate-position information; a substrate-identification control portion operable to control an operation for obtaining the substrate identifying information; and a simultaneous-imaging control portion operable to simultaneously image both the substrate-position fiducial mark 180 and the substrate ID mark 264 within the imaging area of the substrate imaging device 162.

As is apparent from the foregoing description, the second working process does not include steps of obtaining the area-position specifying information specifying the working areas 260, and the area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information indicating whether the working operation is inhibited or permitted in each of the working areas 260. Accordingly, a time required for performing the second working process is reduced. In the present embodiment, the circuit substrate 52 has two spots for the substrate-position fiducial marks 262 (280, 282), eight spots for the area-position fiducial marks 266, and four spots for the mounting-inhibit marks 268. Since the imaging of each spot requires about 0.5 second, it takes about seven seconds to image all of those spots in the first working process, but only about one second in the second working process. Suppose 300 electric components 90 are to be mounted on one circuit substrate 52 and it takes about 0.1 second to mount each electric component 90 on the circuit substrate 52, it takes about 37 seconds to complete the overall component-mounting operation if this operation includes the steps of obtaining the specific information (area-position specifying information and the area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information). That is, the overall component-mounting operation by the first mounting device 12 requires about 37 seconds, but the overall component-mounting operation by the second mounting device 14 requires about 31 seconds. Thus, the productivity of the second or downstream mounting device 14 is improved by about 20% owing to its utilization of the specific information on the circuit substrate 52, which has been obtained by the first or upstream mounting device 12.

<Modified Embodiments>

In the illustrated electric-circuit fabricating system, the specific information which has been obtained by the upstream mounting device, is utilized by the downstream mounting device, and the substrate ID mark 264 is imaged by the substrate imaging device 62 simultaneously with the substrate-position fiducial mark 280. However, the principle of this invention of utilizing the specific information and simultaneously imaging the substrate identifier (substrate ID mark 264) and the substrate-fiducial-position indicator (substrate-position fiducial mark 280) is not limited to the electric-component mounting devices, but is equally applicable to a solder printing device (solder-paste applying device 10), an adhesive applying device (adhesive dispenser), a mounted-component inspecting device. Namely, these working devices may use some kinds of specific information (e.g., the area-position specifying information and area-working inhibit/non-inhibit information described above) on specific circuit substrates on which the working operations are performed. Further, the substrate imaging device used in those working devices to image a substrate-position fiducial mark on the circuit substrate may be used to image the substrate ID mark or identifier simultaneously with the substrate-position fiducial mark. The application of the principle of the present invention to desired working devices operable to perform working operations on circuit substrates makes it possible to improve the operating efficiency of the working devices.

The illustrated electric-circuit fabricating system uses the system control device 24 for effecting a centralized or coordinated control of the system as a whole. However, this system control device 24 may be eliminated. In this case, the substrate identifying in formation and the specific information are transmitted from the first mounting device 12 directly to the second mounting device 14. That is, the principle of the invention is applicable to a fabricating system including a plurality of working devices which use respective control devices not connected to a system control device.

In the illustrated embodiment, only the sets of specific information obtained by imaging the marks 262, 266, 268 are utilized in relation to the substrate identifying information or substrate identifier. However, any other sets of specific information may be utilized in relation to the substrate identifying information. An example of those other sets of specific information is a set of working-program specifying information which specifies a control program used to control a specific working operation such as a specific component-mounting operation to be performed on the specific circuit substrate which is identified by the substrate identifying information. In this case, various control programs are stored in the system control device, and the control device of each working device is loaded with one of the control programs which is specified by the working-program specifying information in relation to that working device.

In the illustrated embodiment, the substrate ID mark 264 is located near the first substrate-position fiducial mark 280, and these marks 264, 280 are simultaneously imaged by the substrate imaging device 62. However, the substrate ID mark and the substrate-position fiducial mark provided on the circuit substrate may be spaced a relatively large distance from each other. In this case, these two marks are imaged one after another, by moving the substrate imaging device and the circuit substrate relative to each other so that the two marks are sequentially aligned with the substrate imaging device.

While the presently preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, for illustrative purpose only, it is to be understood that the present invention may be embodied with various changes and improvements, such as those described in the SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION, which may occur to those skilled in the art. 

1. An electric-circuit fabricating system for fabricating an electric circuit by performing a predetermined working operation on a circuit substrate, comprising: a substrate holding device operable to hold said circuit substrate at a position substantially aligned with a predetermined working position thereof; an imaging device operable to image a surface of the circuit substrate on which the predetermined working operation is to be performed; an imaging control device operable to control said imaging device to take an image of at least one substrate-position fiducial mark provided on said surface of said circuit substrate, and obtain substrate-position information on the basis of said image, said substrate-position information indicating the position at which said circuit substrate is held by said substrate holding device; and a working device operable to perform the predetermined working operation on said circuit substrate, on the basis of said substrate-position information, and wherein said imaging control device includes a substrate-identification control portion operable to control said imaging device to take an image of a substrate ID mark provided on said surface of the circuit substrate as held by said substrate holding device, said substrate-identification control portion obtaining substrate identifying information identifying said circuit substrate, on the basis of said image of said substrate ID mark.
 2. An electric-circuit fabricating system according to claim 1, wherein said working device is operable to perform said predetermined working operation on said circuit substrate, on the basis of specific information in relation to said substrate identifying information, said specific information indicating at least one specific characteristic of said circuit substrate.
 3. An electric-circuit fabricating system according to claim 1, wherein said substrate ID mark is located adjacent one of said at least one substrate-position fiducial mark provided on said surface of said circuit substrate.
 4. An electric-circuit fabricating system according to claim 3, wherein said imaging device is capable of taking simultaneously said image of said substrate ID mark and an image of said one of said at least one substrate-position fiducial mark, within an imaging area of said imaging device, and said imaging control device includes a simultaneous-imaging control portion operable to control said imaging device to take simultaneously said images of said one of said at least one substrate-position fiducial mark and said substrate ID mark.
 5. An electric-circuit fabricating system according to claim 1, wherein said substrate ID mark consists of a two-dimensional code.
 6. An electric-circuit fabricating system according to claim 1, wherein said working device operable to perform said predetermined working operation on said circuit substrate is selected from a group consisting of: a solder-paste applying device operable to apply to said surface of the circuit substrate a solder paste for fixing electric components on said surface; an adhesive applying device operable to apply to said surface of the circuit substrate an adhesive for fixing electric components on said surface; an electric-component mounting device operable to mount electric components on said surface of the circuit substrate; an inspecting device operable to inspect said predetermined working operation performed on said surface of the circuit substrate.
 7. A method of fabricating an electric circuit by performing a predetermined working operation on a circuit substrate, said method comprising: a substrate-holding step of holding said circuit substrate at a position substantially aligned with a predetermined working position thereof; a substrate-position-information obtaining step of operating an imaging device to take an image of at least one substrate-position fiducial mark provided on a surface of said circuit substrate, and obtaining substrate-position information on the basis of said image, said substrate-position information indicating the position at which said circuit substrate is held; substrate-identifying step of operating said imaging device to take an image of a substrate ID mark provided on said surface of the circuit substrate, and obtaining substrate identifying information identifying said circuit substrate, on the basis of said image of said substrate ID mark; and a working step of performing said predetermined working operation on the basis of said substrate-position information.
 8. A control program executed by a computer to perform a predetermined working operation on a circuit substrate, for fabricating an electric circuit, said control program comprising: a substrate-holding step of holding said circuit substrate at a position substantially aligned with a predetermined working position thereof; a substrate-position-information obtaining step of operating an imaging device to take an image of at least one substrate-position fiducial mark provided on a surface of said circuit substrate, and obtaining substrate-position information on the basis of said image, said substrate-position information indicating the position at which said circuit substrate is held; substrate-identifying step of operating said imaging device to take an image of a substrate ID mark provided on said surface of the circuit substrate, and obtaining substrate identifying information identifying said circuit substrate, on the basis of said image of said substrate ID mark; and a working step of performing said predetermined working operation on the basis of said substrate-position information.
 9. A recording medium which is accessible by a computer and which stores a control program which is executed by the computer to perform a predetermined working operation on a circuit substrate, for fabricating an electric circuit, said control program comprising: a substrate-holding step of holding said circuit substrate at a position substantially aligned with a predetermined working position thereof; a substrate-position-information obtaining step of operating an imaging device to take an image of at least one substrate-position fiducial mark provided on a surface of said circuit substrate, and obtaining substrate-position information on the basis of said image, said substrate-position information indicating the position at which said circuit substrate is held; substrate-identifying step of operating said imaging device to take an image of a substrate ID mark provided on said surface of the circuit substrate, and obtaining substrate identifying information identifying said circuit substrate, on the basis of said image of said substrate ID mark; and a working step of performing said predetermined working operation on the basis of said substrate-position information. 